浅谈我国推行排污许可制度难点及对策

Discussion on Difficulties and Countermeasures of the Permit System of Pollutant Discharged in China

我国排污许可制度推行已有二十余年,但由于在政策设计层面、技术支撑层面及配套保障层面尚有不足之处,排污许可制度在推行过程中遇到很多阻碍,排污许可制度的应用范围、实施效果和改革举措实际落地都还不尽如人意,依然处于难以推广的境地。本文基于对以上各层面存在问题的深入分析,进而指出目前阻碍排污许可制度推行的难点问题及具体成因,其中难点问题主要包括专项法律法规缺失、管理要求落地难、各方权责落实难、多套数据并行、排放标准滞后、部分行业标准缺失、与环境目标未建立响应关系、管理方式落后、数据支撑和人员配备不足等方面。根据前述问题的论证,本文相应提出了推进排污许可制度改革的各项对策措施,并建议排污许可制度应形成上下联动的工作格局,进一步夯实技术支撑基础和完善配套保障措施,以期助力排污许可制度各项改革举措的实际落地,更好地推进排污许可制度的有效实施,建立系统完整、权责清晰、监管有效的管理格局,最终实现排污许可"一证式"管理模式。

The permit system of pollutant discharged has been implemented about 20 years in China. There are a lot of obstacles during the implementation of the system due to the deficiencies of policy design, technical support and supporting guarantee. In this paper, the difficulties and causes of permit system of pollutant discharged were discussed deeply. The difficult problems were mainly about the missing of special law, 'landing' difficult of management requirements, difficult implementation of rights and obligations of parties involved, pairing of multiple sets of data, lagging of emission standards, missing of some industry standards, no response relationship established with environmental objectives, backward of management style, and so on. According to the problems discussed above, countermeasures were proposed to carry forward reforming the permit system of pollutant discharged, such as the working mechanism of the upper and lower linkage should be established and the technical support and supporting guarantee should be strengthened. A lot of efforts should be carried out to establish a complete, clear and efficient management pattern, and achieve the one-certificate-management of pollutant discharged.