环境管理的信息化视角——美国环境信息生命周期模型研究

Information View of Environmental Management——United States Environmental Information Life Cycle Model

有效、可靠的数据和信息是环境管理的基础和主线,是政府部门确定环境管理目标、衡量进展以及同所有利益相关方共享信息的基础。美国环保局(EPA)从整体视角和跨学科观点提出环境信息生命周期模型,能够更好地理解环境信息的生产者、管理者、提供者和使用者等不同角色的作用。本文介绍了环境信息生命周期模型的各环节和要素,包括政策、规划和项目,数据采集和管理,信息交换和共享,信息管理,发现、获取信息,理解、使用信息,用户/公众反馈等,用于评估环境管理业务的数据和信息需求,帮助提高数据质量,增强公众获取环境信息的能力。环保部门需要关注数据质量的不确定性以及不同部门之间缺乏信息共享的问题,将环境信息生命周期的方法融入中国的环境管理和信息化建设,将提高环境数据的质量和政府透明度。本文针对中国的环保信息化建设提出了若干政策建议。

Credible data and information are the backbone of environmental management and basis for government agencies to set meaningful goals,measure progress,and share information to all stakeholders.From the perspective of a holistic and transdisciplinary approach,the United States Environmental Protection Agency proposed an environmental information life cycle model,to better understand the roles of different practitioners in their disciplines as generators,translators,providers,and users of this information.This article introduced the sectors and elements of the environmental information life cycle model,which includes policy and planning,data collection and management,information exchange and sharing,information management,accessing information,understanding and using information,and user feedback and involvement to help government agencies improve data quality,promote public access of environmental information.China's environmental departments should address the problems of uncertain data quality and the lack of information sharing between different government agencies.Integrating the concept of environmental information life cycle into China's environmental management and information system construction will improve the quality of environmental data and government transparency.Some policy suggestions were put forward for China's information systems development.