老年人群健康素养状况、影响因素及健康促进的对策研究

Study on the Status of Health Literacy, Influencing Factors and Health Promotion for the Elderly

目的探讨老年人群健康素养状况、影响因素及健康促进对策。方法 2015年1月至2017年2月,通过分层整群随机抽样法,在辖区的16个监测点抽取老年居民,通过发放健康素养调查问卷,进行现场横断面调查,进行单因素分析、多元线性回归分析,分析老年居民健康素养的影响因素。结果 450名符合入选条件的老年居民,平均年龄为(75.22±1.47)岁,平均健康素养为(72.50±3.46)分,处于较低水平。经单因素分析发现文化水平、民族、曾经从事职业是老年人群在健康素养得分差异的影响因素(P<0.05)。经多元线性回归分析所示,健康素养的独立影响因素有曾经从事职业、民族、文化水平(P<0.05)。结论老年人群的健康素养处于较低水平,其中曾经从事职业层次低、文化水平低、少数民族等均属于造成老年人群健康素养低的主要影响因素。加强教育,促进老年人群自觉养成健康行为。

Objective To explore the health literacy status, influencing factors and health promotion strategies of the elderly.Methods From January 2015 to February 2017, elderly residents were selected from 16 monitoring sites in the jurisdiction through stratified cluster random sampling.Through the distribution of health literacy questionnaires, on-site cross-sectional survey, single factor analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, the influencing factors of health literacy of the elderly residents were analyze.Results The average age of 450 elderly residents who met the selection criteria was(75.22±1.47) years old, and the average health literacy was(72.50±3.46) points, which was at a low level.Through single factor analysis, it was found that the cultural level, ethnicity, and occupation were the influencing factors of the differences in the health literacy scores of the elderly population(P<0.05).According to the multiple linear regression analysis, the independent influencing factors of health literacy have been engaged in occupational, ethnic and cultural levels(P<0.05).Conclusion The health literacy of the elderly population is at a low level. Among them, low occupational level, low cultural level and ethnic minorities are the main factors affecting the low health literacy of the elderly. It is to trengthen education and promote the elderly to develop healthy behaviors.