2015年湖南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡分析

Incidence and Mortality of Cancer in Hunan Cancer Registries,2015

[目的]分析2015年湖南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤的发病、死亡情况。[方法]收集2015年湖南省23个肿瘤登记地区上报的肿瘤发病与死亡资料。按城乡、性别分层,分别计算恶性肿瘤的发病和死亡粗率、中标率、世标率、年龄别率、0～74岁累积率等,中标率和世标率分别采用2000年中国标准人口年龄构成和Segi’s世界标准人口年龄构成为标准进行计算。[结果] 2015年湖南省肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病率为215.19/10万,中标率为148.69/10万,世标率144.95/10万,0～74岁累积率为16.83%。城市地区恶性肿瘤发病率为251.31/10万,而农村地区为192.57/10万。男性恶性肿瘤发病率237.35/10万,高于女性的191.63/10万。男性发病前5位的是肺癌、肝癌、结直肠肛门癌、胃癌和鼻咽癌;女性发病前5位的是乳腺癌、肺癌、宫颈癌、结直肠肛门癌和肝癌。2015年湖南省肿瘤登记地区居民恶性肿瘤死亡率为144.16/10万,中标率为93.00/10万,世标率91.90/10万,0～74岁累积率为10.91%。城市地区居民恶性肿瘤死亡率为168.43/10万,农村为128.96/10万。男性恶性肿瘤死亡率为181.91/10万,高于女性的104.03/10万。男性死亡前5位为肺癌、肝癌、结直肠肛门癌、胃癌和食管癌,女性死亡前5位为肺癌、肝癌、结直肠肛门癌、乳腺癌和胃癌。[结论]肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠肛门癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、鼻咽癌、食管癌等病种是湖南省发病率、死亡率较高的恶性肿瘤,应作为湖南省恶性肿瘤防治的主要癌种。湖南省男性居民口腔及咽喉癌发病率和死亡率都有所上升,城市男性居民上升幅度更大,需要提早采取防范措施。

[Purpose]To analyze the cancer incidence and mortality rates in Hunan cancer registries in 2015.[Methods]The data of new cancer cases and deaths were collected from 21 cancer registries of Hunan province.After the data were stratified by residence and gender,we calculated the crude incidence rate,mortality rate,age-standardized rate,age-specific rate,the cumulative rate of0~74 years old.Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi’s population were used for calculating age-standardized rate.[Results]The crude cancer incidence rate in Hunan cancer registries was 215.19/10~5.The age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population(ASR China)and by world standard population(ASR world)were 148.69/10~5 and 144.95/10~5 respectively,with the cumulative incidence rate(0~74 years)of 16.83%.The cancer incidence rate was 251.31/10~5 in urban areas and 192.57/10~5 in rural areas.The cancer incidence rate of males was higher than that of females(237.35/10~5 vs.191.63/10~5).The most common cancers in men were lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,gastric cancer and nasopharynfeal cancer,and which in women were breast cancer,lung cancer,cervical cancer,colorectal cancer and liver cancer.The crude cancer mortality rate in Hunan cancer registries in 2015 was 144.16/10~5.The age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 93.00/10~5 and 91.90/10~5 respectively,with the cumulative mortality rate(0~74 years)of 10.91%.The cancer mortality rate was 168.43/10~5 in urban areas and 128.96/10~5 in rural areas.The cancer mortality rate of males was higher than that of females(181.91/10~5 vs.104.03/10~5).The most common causes of cancer death in males were lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,gastric cancer and esophageal cancer,and which in females were lung cancer,liver cancer,colorectal cancer,breast cancer,and gastric cancer.[Conclusion]Lung cancer,breast cancer,colorectal cancer,liver cancer,cervical cancer,gastric cancer,nasopharyngeal cancer,and esophageal cancer are the most common cancers seriously threatening people’s health in Hunan.It should be noted that the morbidity and mortality rates of the oral cavity and throat cancer have increased in men in Hunan province,especially among urban male residents.