男性叙事中的女性“默言”——谈莫言中短篇小说中的女性声音

The Female Reticence in Male Narration:Female Voice in Mo Yan's Short Novels

莫言中短篇小说叙事中女性声音有几种特殊形态:第一,美人"失声"。部分女性人物在莫言小说中被剥夺叙事权力,失去话语权,这时女性成为无言的"物"或非理性的象征,表现出男性对女性欲望想象的矛盾心理。第二,藏在"匣子"里的声音。在《金发婴儿》等小说中,女性以"假言"的方式隐匿自己的真实情感,传达出在男权文化语境中女性言说之艰难。第三,女性被"禁言"。莫言的部分小说中,女性话语若符合男性的性别期待,则给予发声权力,否则,要么被禁言,要么人物承担悲剧的命运。莫言小说中这些女性叙事声音的处理,呈现出男性写作的性别潜意识。

The article discusses three narrative types of female voices in Mo Yan's short Novels. The first one is about the loss of voice of some beautiful women,who were deprived of the right to speak. In such cases,women symbolize 'silent objects'or irrational existence,which betrays the dilemma of men when facing female erotic attraction. The second one is about 'voice hidden in the box'. It refers to a phenomenon in Mo Yan's novels: females hide their real love and affection in a society of male chauvinism. Lastly,the female'gag'in Mo Yan's novels shows that females are allowed to speak only if they can meet male's needs. Otherwise,they are doomed with bad luck in their lives. These phenomena in Mo Yan's works show the subconsciousness of patriarchy and male-centered culture.