社会性别平等:男性参与的倍增效应与观念变革——以男性参与对中西部地区农村女性流动人口的影响为例

Gender Equality: Multiple Effects of Male Participation and Changing of Notions:Impact of Male Participation on Flow of Female Population in the Rural Midwest

男性特别是已婚女性的丈夫及家人的参与和态度、当地政府的参与对女性走出农村流向城市最终实现真正的男女平等起着举足轻重的影响作用。数据表明,已婚女性参与流动的数量不仅低于男性,而且大大低于未婚女性,其中,男性的否定态度,会给女性外出打工带来负面的倍减效应,男性的积极参与,特别是政府的积极参与、组织和引导,给女性外出流动提供着正面的倍增效应。而男性的负面态度,主要源于文化的困惑特别是传统观念的影响,虽然随着社会的发展,中西部地区农村也发生了观念上的巨大变革,但传统观念的影响依然明显。对此,我们应该积极提倡先进性别文化的建立和良好社会氛围的营造。

The participation and attitude of the male,especially that of the husbands and family members of married women,as well as that of local government,impact greatly on female's flowing into cities from villages,pursuing equality between men and women. The statistics show that the amount of immigrated married women is lower than that of the male,even much lower than unmarried females. Thus,negative attitude from the male has negative effects on women's going out to work,while their positive participation,especially instructive organization and guidance from the government provide multiple effect on women's flow. The male's negative attitude is mainly out of the cultural confusion and influence of traditional ethics,which still prevail in the rural Midwest,though changings are profound with the development of society. Hence,we should advocate some new gender culture and social atmosphere.