人口流动背景下的城市女性务工人员活动空间探究——以J市为例

The Living Space of Migrant Women Workers in a Time of Population Mobility: A Case Study of City J

调查分析发现,当前中国沿海城市女性流动务工人员大多在中低端服务行业和劳动密集型制造企业工作,在民营企业和个体工商户工作的比例大大高于机关事业单位、国有企业和外资企业。人力资本因素是阻碍女性外来务工人员职业获得和转换的重要因素。她们居住空间的分布受就业地点、生活成本、所在城市人口政策的影响较为明显。其居住方式以自己租房为主,其中无配偶者,用人单位提供住房的比例较大;有配偶者,绝大多数与配偶同住。其业余生活较之其他行业的同龄人更为单调,社交范围面窄而且群体同质性较强,文化因素限制了其社交圈子的扩大,她们寻找职业的途径主要是靠熟人介绍。其健康保健意识不是很强。当地提供给她们的就业门路,大多是家政、护理之类的非正规行业,在社会角色上明显处于弱势而且缺乏相应的维权手段,其社会地位亟待得到提升。

Surveys show that migrant women workers mostly do low -paid jobs in services or labor -intensive companies.And most of them work in private -owned or individual enterprises rather than government institu-tes or state -owned companies.Many elements limit migrant women workers’ability to obtain or improve their work prospect.Distribution of their living spots is restricted by working distance,living cost or the popu-lation policy of the city.Those who have a spouse mostly rent,while single ones may get a living place from their employment.They enjoy less entertainment than others from the same age group and participate in less social activities which is affected by cultural elements.Their major means of finding a job is turning to ac-quaintances.Their health awareness is comparatively low.Only jobs they are offered are household service or nursing work.They are apparently powerless and lack the means to protect their rights.Their social status definitely needs improving.