3D打印技术在骨科临床的应用研究及展望

Application research and prospect of 3D printing technology in department of orthopedics

近年来3D打印技术快速发展,在临床的应用越来越广泛,尤其在骨科的应用涉及到了各个亚专科。3D打印实物模型与X线片、CT、MRI等影像资料相比具有独特的直观性、可触摸和体外操作性。利用3D打印模型可进行术前的规划和手术方案的优化,指导内固定装置置入,也可进行模拟手术。3D打印导板同样为内固定物的置入提供了新的方法。同时个体化模板辅助置钉法能缩短手术时间,减少术中的放射线暴露时间。个性化内植物的使用可简化手术步骤,减少组织损伤。使内植物更加贴合骨面,比较完美地解决传统假体不能完全匹配患者骨骼的问题,而且可以打印出适合任何形状骨缺损的假体。3D打印技术的应用使复杂的骨科手术变得相对容易,手术的效果也就得到了提高。随着3D打印技术的进步和完善,其在医学领域的应用范围会越来越广泛,打印精度和材质适应性也会越来越高,具有推广的价值。本文在复习国内外有关3D打印文献的基础上结合本科应用病例的实际情况对3D打印技术在骨科临床的应用进行综述。

With the rapid development of 3D printing technology in recent years,It is more and more widely used in clinic. In particular,the application of the department of orthopedics involved in each of the subspeciality. Compared with X-ray,CT,and MRI,3D print model has a unique intuitive,touch and in vitro operability. 3D print model can be used for preoperative planning and optimization of the operation plan,guide the internal fixation device,it can also be simulated surgery. 3D printing guide plate also provides a new method for internal fixation implantation. At the same time,it can shorten the operation time and reduce the radiation exposure time. The use of personalized implants can simplify the operation procedures and reduce tissue damage. It can make the implants more fit for the surface of the bone and a perfect solution to the problem of the traditional prosthesis can not match the patient ’s bone. And that the prosthesis can be printed out for any shape of the bone defect. The application of 3D printing technology makes the operation become easier,and the effect of the operation is improved. With the progress and improvement of 3D printing technology,it will be more and more widely used in medical field,and the printing precision and material adaptability will be more and more high. It has the promotion value. On the basis of reviewing domestic and foreign literatures about 3D printing,this paper summarizes the application of3 D printing technology in department of orthopedics,combining with the actual situation of our application cases.