河南武术文化传承与保护方略之研讨

A Discussion on the Inheritance and Protection Strategy of Henan Wushu Culture

"武术文化又称功夫文化,是中原文化的鲜明特色。中原武术文化技冠天下,德播神州。"中原武术有着悠久的历史,是中原儿女在长期生活中积累和创造的一项宝贵文化遗产。中国的几个著名拳术如少林拳、太极拳、苌家拳、六合拳均始创于河南。据不完全统计,全国129个武术拳种中,在河南流行的就多达40余种。河南武术、少林功夫、太极拳已成为文化品牌,保护和弘扬河南武术,对华夏历史文明创新区的建设具有实践和理论意义,对发展河南文化事业与文化产业具有现实意义。地域文化是以地域为特点的文化类型,但它的形成和发展必定脱离不了历史的机缘。中原武术是生长在河南地域的一种文化形态,在它漫长的发展过程中,不同程度地受到河南不同时期的政治、经济、军事和文化的影响,并在这种特定的历史环境和文化环境里逐渐成熟和完善,它像一条河流流淌着民族文化的文脉和武脉。中国武术是中华民族的宝贵文化遗产,也是民族武学智慧的结晶,其主要思想是儒家中和养气之说,是道家的守静致柔、是释家的禅定参悟等意识的汇流,从而构成了一个博大精深的武学体系,成为世界的"武文化"。诠释着古老的东方哲学思想。它内外兼修,既刚健雄美,也文雅深邃,是一种完美的运动,追求着完美和谐的人生境界,给人以愉悦的美感。本文采用文献资料法、田野调查法等研究方法,对河南武术文化遗产的类型、拳种、特征的保护,遇到的挑战进行文化和政策的分析,并在此基础上提出了加强河南民间武术文化遗产保护的对策和措施,为我省民间武术文化遗产的传承与保护提供参照与思考。

'Wushu culture is also called Kung Fu culture, which is a distinctive characteristic of the Central Plains culture. The Central Plains wushu culture tops China, with its morals spreading throughout the country.' Central Plains wushu (martial arts) has a long history, and is a precious cultural heritage accumulated and created by the Central Plains people during their long-term life. There are several famous Chinese boxing sorts that originated in Henan Province, like shaolinquan (shaolin boxing), taijiquan (tai chi chuan, a kind of traditional Chinese shadow boxing), changjiaquan (Chang’s boxing) and liuhequan (six-harmony boxing). According to an incomplete statistics, there are as many as over 40 sorts popular in Henan among the 129 boxing sorts in the country. Henan wushu, Shaolin Kung Fu and taijiquan have already become cultural brands. The protection and promotion of Henan wushu is of practical and theoretical significance to the construction of the Innovation Zone of Chinese Historical Civilization, and is of realistic significance to the development of Henan’s cultural cause and cultural industry. Regional culture is a cultural style characterized by that region, but its formation and development undoubtedly cannot be separated with historical opportunities. Central Plains wushu is a cultural type grown in central China’s Henan area. During its long process of development, it has been influenced by political, economic, military and cultural factors in Henan at different times and in different degrees, and has gradually matured and been perfected in this specific kind of historical environment and cultural environment. It is just like a river where the civil vein and military vein of national culture are flowing. Chinese wushu is a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation as well as the crystallization of wisdom in national wushu. Its mainly ideology comes from the confluence of different consciousness, including the sayings of keeping neutralization and nourishing the vital energy in Confucianism, remaining quietism and making the body flexible in Taoism, and having a meditative mind and understanding from meditations in Buddhism, thereby forming an extensive and profound wushu system to become 'wushu culture' in the world and annotate the ancient Oriental philosophic ideology. Wushu cultivates both internally and externally, building up a strong, vigorous, masculine and beautiful body while reflecting a graceful and deep connotation. Being a perfect sport, wushu is pursuing an ideal and harmonious realm of life, and bringing a delightful aesthetic feeling to people. This article adopts literature and data method, field investigation method and other research methods to make a cultural and policy analysis on the protection for the types, boxing sorts and characteristics of wushu cultural heritage in Henan Province as well as the challenges encountered. And on this basis, it raises the measures on strengthening the protection of folk wushu cultural heritage in Henan to provide reference and thinking for the inheritance and protection of folk wushu cultural heritage in Henan Province.