武术文化中“精气神”论之分析

An Analysis of “Jingqishen” Theory in Wushu Culture

"精气神"一词在我国传统文化及日常应用中是一个常见词汇,但是,人们对这个词汇的理解及运用却呈现出一种混乱甚至是错误的倾向。对武术文化而言,这种错乱对武术思想传播和技术传承都会产生不利影响。本文主要通过分析"精气神"的实际运用现象,追溯其哲学及医学层面的含义与流变,以及在此基础上分析其在武术文化中应有的涵义。就结果而言,首先,我们把握了"精气神"被等同于"精神"的一元化错误倾向事实;其次,分别厘清了"精·气·神"三者从哲学而起、经医学最后到武术为止,其含义的流变过程;最终,提出了三者在我国的身体文化中分别对应着"身体·能量·精神"三种不同对象的阐释方法。

The word 'jingqishen'(jing refers to essence and represents the body, qi refers to a person's energy, and shen refers to a person's spirit) is a common term in both traditional Chinese culture and daily application. However, there is a chaotic and even wrong tendency when people try to understand it and use it. For wushu(martial arts) culture, this confusion will have an adverse effect on the spreading of wushu thought and the inheritance of wushu techniques. By mainly analyzing the phenomenon of practial application of 'jingqishen', this paper traces its meaning and evolution from philosophical and medical levels as well as its proper connotations in wushu culture on the basis of previous studies. As a result, firstly, we have seized the fact of a unified wrong tendency that 'jingqishen' is mistakenly regarded to be equal with 'spirit'. Secondly, the paper has figured out the process of meaning evolution in the three terms of 'jing(body development)', 'qi(force method)' and 'shen(spiritual consciousness)' respectively by starting from philosophy to medicine and ending with wushu at last. And finally, the authors put forward the interpretation method that the term 'jingqishen'(jing, qi and shen) represents the three different objects of 'body, energy and spirit' separately in Chinese physical culture.