内家拳共性理论特征研究

A Research on Common Features of Neijiaquan

以太极、形意、八卦为代表的三大武术拳种曾在明末清初盛行一世,被多数武术学者归称为"内家拳"。本文通过运用文献资料法、对比分析法,对内家拳的概念、演变历程、技术理论特征、攻防思想等方面进行梳理分析,总结得出:内家拳的技术理论是以阴阳为范畴;战略思想倡导后发先至、以柔克刚、以弱胜强、技击为末;训练理念主张由内至外、以意为先、以养为本。通过分析旨在提高对内家拳理论的认识,进而希望对传统武术的技术理论体系有所补益,为未来的发展提供有益的参考价值。

Taijiquan(tai chi chuan,a kind of traditional Chinese shadow boxing),xingyiquan(shape and thought boxing) and bagua(eight-diagram fist),which are the three major wushu(martial arts) boxing types and are together called 'neijiaquan'(internal boxing) by wushu scholars,were prosperous at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty.By conducting literature review and comparison method,this paper,with the purpose of popularizing neijiaquan theory,contributing valuable knowledge to traditional wushu technique theory,and hence offering reference to its future development,sorts out and analyses the concept,process of evolution and fighting technique,as well as attack and defense theory of neijiaquan.It is concluded that,firstly,the fighting technique of neijiaquan is based on yin-yang theory.Secondly,posterior strategy,overcoming firmness by gentleness,defeating a superior force with a weak force,and attacking at last are the main strategic theories of neijiaquan.Lastly,neijiaquan training should emphasize on practicing from the inner body to the outside,putting self-consciousness training into priority,and practicing for one' s own health.