江淮地区致灾强对流天气流型配置及层结特征分析

Flow Pattern Configuration and Stratification Characteristics of Disaster-induced Convective Weather in Jianghuai area

利用常规高空、地面观测资料,对2000-2010年发生在江淮地区的500余次致灾强对流天气过程进行天气综合分析,结合强对流天气发生发展过程中环流形势演变及天气系统空间配置,提炼关键环流特征,建立江淮地区致灾强对流天气发生时对应的5种典型天气型:高空槽前型、冷涡(槽)后型、副高边缘型、副高控制型和热带系统型。基于上述分型,对江淮地区不同天气型下致灾强对流天气类型发生频率的统计分析表明,副高边缘型是江淮地区发生短时强降水、雷暴大风及龙卷频次最多的天气型,特别是龙卷天气在这种背景下发生频率达到66%;冰雹天气最易出现在冷涡(槽)后天气型下,55%冰雹天气发生在冷涡(槽)后天气背景下;而与热带系统相联系的天气型下,江淮地区多见短时强降水天气,发生冰雹的概率很小。通过对比分析不同天气型下各类强对流天气发生前合成探空特征讨论不同类型强对流天气发生的对流环境差异。

Using the conventional high,surface observations data,the key circulation characteristics are refined based on weather comprehensive analysis on more than 500 disaster-induced convection cases occurring in Jianghuai area,especially on the evolution of circulation situation and spatial configuration of weather system.Five typical synoptic conceptual models are summed established:before upper trough,after cold vortex or trough,subtropical high edge,subtropical high control and tropical system.Further,frequency of different types of convective weather under different synoptic background was studied.The most frequent occurrence of severe short-term precipitation,thunderstorm wind and tornado in the background of subtropical high edge type,especially the occurrence frequency of tornado weather reached 66%.Hail is most likely to occur in the weather pattern after cold vortex or trough,and 55%of hail occurs in the weather background after cold vortex or trough.Under the weather pattern associated with the tropical system,severe short-term precipitation most frequently occurrs in jianghuai areas,while the probability of hails is very small.The difference of convective environment before different types of severe convection weather occurred is discussed by comparing the synthetical sounding characteristics under different synoptic background.