沙眼衣原体黏附和入侵宿主机制的研究进展

Advances in research on mechanisms of Chlamydia trachomatis adhesion and invasion

沙眼衣原体是一种严格细胞内寄生的病原体,也是最常见的性传播疾病病原体,可感染人类多个系统引起多种疾病而影响人类健康。沙眼衣原体具有独特的发育周期,黏附和入侵宿主细胞是它感染过程中的关键步骤,首先通过与宿主细胞的静电作用达到简单吸附,随后由自身黏附素分子与宿主细胞相应受体结合达到不可逆结合,而后通过分泌毒力因子劫持宿主细胞骨架的必需成分或信号通路内化入胞。病原体和宿主因素共同参与沙眼衣原体黏附和入侵过程,掌握黏附和入侵过程中有关的细菌和宿主因素有望设计针沙眼衣原体的抗菌策略。本文从宿主和病原体两个方面阐述沙眼衣原体黏附和入侵宿主相关机制。

Chlamydia trachomatis is a serious intracellular pathogen and the most common sexually transmitted pathogen.It can infect many systems in the human body and cause various conditions that affect human health,such as trachoma or infertility.C.trachomatis has a unique developmental cycle.Adhesion to and invasion of host cells are key steps during the process of infection.Adhesion is mediated by infectious elementary bodies(EBs).EBs first attach to host cells via electrostatic interaction and they then use their adhesins to irreversibly bind to corresponding host receptors.Afterwards,EBs are taken up by host cells,where they secrete virulence proteins to hijack the essential components of the host cytoskeleton or signaling pathways.Factors related to the pathogen and the host both play a role in adhesion.An understanding of these factors should help to formulate an antibacterial strategy against C.trachomatis.This paper reviews mechanisms related to C.trachomatis adhesion and invasion in terms of both the host and the pathogen.