新媒体新闻侵权民事责任研究

Research on the Civil Liability of Press Tort of the New Media

新媒体新闻侵权责任与传统媒体的新闻侵权责任存在较大差别。新媒体新闻侵权责任需要存在明知或应知;因果关系表现更为复杂;免责减责中存在"避风港"规则的适用与限制;抗辩事由存在传统媒体侵权责任所不具备的新事由。因此,归责原则应完善替代责任制度,明确转载者、中间服务者等特殊侵权主体、共同侵权主体的民事制度,并在民法典、侵权责任法等法律中予以规范表达,在新媒体新闻传播自由、公共资讯利益与个人权利保障之间实现平衡保护。

There are substantial differences between the press tort liability of the new media and that of the traditional media. The press tort liability of new media requires the infringer to know or should know the possible damages. Its causality is more complicated. The 'haven rules'can be applied with restriction to reduce or exempt liability,and it has more grounds for defenses which traditional media press tort liability does not have. Therefore,to realize the balanced protection among freedom of new media press,public information interests and individual rights,vicarious liability in imputation principles of press tort liability of new media shall be improved. Furthermore,the civil liability of press infringement of special tort subject,such as reproducers and ISP,and joint infringer shall be clarified and formally regulated in legislations including the civil code and tort law.