政治资本、政府干预和居民创业——基于中国微观数据的研究

Political Capital,Government Intervention and Residents Entrepreneurship:The Microscopic Evidence from China

通过将西南财经大学中国家庭金融调查的数据和政府干预指数相结合,本文系统地研究了政治资本、政府干预和创业之间的关系。实证结果表明,居民的政治资本对居民的创业活动起到显著地正向影响,且这种正向影响在政府干预强的地区更显著,工具变量法估计的结果也证明了结论的可靠性。另外,基层领导相对高级领导,政府领导相对企事业单位领导对居民创业的影响程度更大,但是制度环境的改善对高级领导和企事业单位领导创业影响更显著。除此之外,政治资本不但可以直接影响居民的创业资源获取,而且可以通过提高居民人力资本和改变其风险态度间接影响创业活动的开展。因此,简政放权、创造良好的制度环境不但有助于提升我国创业活力,而且也有利于促进全社会的公平。

Using the data from China Household Finance Survey( CHFS) and the index of government intervention,this paper systematically studies the relationships among political capital,government intervention and entrepreneurship. The empirical results show that the political capital of the residents has a significant positive impact on the entrepreneurial activity of the residents,and this positive influence more significant in the region where are more government intervention,instrumental variable method estimated results also prove the reliability of the conclusion. In addition,grassroots leaders and government leaders are more likely to start a business than senior leaders and institutions leaders,but the improvement of the institutional environment is more significant to the leadership of the senior leaders and institutions leaders. Besides,political capital can not only directly affect the residents' entrepreneurial resources acquisition,but also indirectly affect the development of entrepreneurial activities by improving the human capital and changing their risk preferences. Therefore,transform government functions and create a good institutional environment can not only help to promote entrepreneurial energy in our country but also help promote the fairness of the whole society.