基于遗传算法的仓库布局优化模型及最优角度的确定

Optimization Model of Warehouse Layout and Determination of Optimal Angle Based on Genetic Algorithm

目的优化物流仓库布局和调整最优的布局角度来提高货品的运输效率、空间利用率并对比分析优化前后的布局效果。方法选择传统的Fishbone布局方法,根据仓库布局的两大原则,得到优化目标1:所有货物组合运货时间之和最小;优化目标2:所有货品质量和所处层数的乘积之和最小。确定约束条件,建立多目标优化模型。采用遗传算法对模型进行求解,选择权重w1=0.6、w2=0.4,将多目标问题改造为单目标问题,并将目标函数和约束条件进行编码处理,进行矩阵式编码,使用MATLAB对模型进行求解,得到优化后的布局分布。之后确定Fishbone布局的最佳角度,假设最优角度α,得到运输过程中横向、纵向和斜方向的运输总路程,再对α为参数的方程进行偏微分求解,得到最优角度α。结果与优化前的布局相比,优化后的布局在运输总路程上从65 670降低为55 643,总的空间利用率由89%提升至92%。求解微分方程得到最优角度,相比角度调整前的布局,调整后的布局总移动距离由65 670降低到57 843,仓库运作效率由67%提升至81%。结论优化后的仓库布局和角度的调整提高了空间利用率,并缩短了工作时间,提高了工作效率,经过优化后的仓库布局其物流效率有了很大提高,说明了改进后的Fishbone布局在仓库布局设计中具有极高的可行性和实用性。

Objective To optimize logistic warehouse layout and adjust the optimal layout angle to im-prove transport efficiency and space utilization rate of goods;and to comparatively analyze the layout effects before and after optimization.Methods According to the two principles of warehouse layout,the traditional Fishbone layout method was chosen, obtaining optimization obj ectives:1 ) the minimum sum of delivery time of all the goods;2)the minimum sum of the product of goods quality and the number of layers.Constraint conditions were determined to build multiple target optimized model.The genetic algo-rithm was applied to solve the model.After choosing the weightsω1=0.6 andω2=0.4,the multi-objec-tive function was transformed into a single objective function.Then,genetic algorithm was used to solve the model, encoding processing of obj ective function and constraint conditions. MATLAB was used to solve the model, obtaining optimized layout distribution. Then, the best angel of the Fishbone layout was determined.By setting hypothesis optimal angleα,the total transportation distance of the horizon-tal,vertical and oblique direction in the transportation process was obtained,and the solution to the equa-tion for partial differential with the parametersα, was found, getting the best angleα. Results Com-pared with layout before optimization,the optimized layout decreased from 65,670 to 55,643 in the total <br> transportation,the overall space utilization increased from 89% to 92%. Differential equations were solved,getting the best angleα=0.746.Compared with the layout before the adjustment of angle,the adjusted mobile distance of the overall layout decreased from 65,670 to 57,843,and the efficiency of the warehouse operation increased from 67% to 81%.Conclusion Optimized warehouse layout and angle ad-j ustment improved the space utilization and work efficiency, and shortened the working time. Optimized warehouse layout greatly improved the logistics efficiency. The results show that the improved Fishbone layout has high feasibility and practicability in the warehouse layout design.