京津冀地区空气质量及污染分布研究

Air Quality and Pollution Distribution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area

目的针对京津冀地区空气质量指数和污染源,建立新的空气质量标准来定义空气等级以及建立模型对污染源的扩散进行研究,并给出减少京津冀地区污染的建议。方法以河北省为研究对象,通过互联网查找河北省的污染数据,分析国标和美标的区别,从而对国家空气质量标准(AQI)进行改进,运用半集均方差方法重新建立空气优劣程度模型,并在高斯定理的基础上建立多种研究污染物扩散的单污染源扩散、OSPM、CALINE-4、GM等模型,结合MATLAB、EXCEL等软件,给出不同时间段以及北京不同路段的污染浓度梯度和空气质量等级。结果北京早上8点AQI为255.16,空气质量五级,重度污染,中午12点AQI为140.78,空气质量三级,轻度污染,晚上9点AQI为77.79,空气质量二级,良;相同时间段内二环CO浓度高于四环,四环高于六环,相同路段在不同时间段内CO浓度呈折线变化,其中在7:00~9:00和19:00~21:00这两个时间段内CO浓度最高,11:00~13:00相对较低。结论京津冀地区工业生产和煤炭的燃烧是空气污染的重要来源,其中PM2.5和PM10占主要成分;另外大量的汽车尾气也是空气污染的主要来源。因此,通过控制煤炭燃烧和机动车尾气的排放,开发清洁能源可以有效地改善京津冀地区的空气质量。

Objective According to the air quality index and pollution source in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei erea,to establish the new air quality standards to define the level of air,establish model of source pollu-tion diffusion,and give suggestions for reducing pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area.Methods Tak-ing Hebei province as the research object,through the Internet to find pollution data in Hebei province, we analyzed the difference between national standard and American Standard, and improved the national air quality standards (AQI).By using semi-set mean square deviation to re-establish the air quality mod-el,and on the basis of Gauss theorem,a variety of pollutants diffusion model were establish,including single pollution source diffusion, OSPM, caline-4, GM, etc. In combination with MATLAB, Excel and other software,different time periods and different sections of Beijing pollution concentration gradient and the levels of air quality were presented.Results In Beijing at 8 a.m.,AQI was 255.16,air quality Level five,severe pollution;at 12:00,AQI 140.78,air quality Level three,light pollution;at 21:00,AQI 77.79,air quality good.At the same period of time,the CO concentration within the Second Ring was higher than that within the Fourth Ring,and the CO concentration within the Second Ring high-er than that within the Sixth Ring. At the same sections but in different times, CO concentrations had line changes,and at 7:00-9:00 and 19:00-21:00 CO concentration was the highest,and at 11:00-13:00,relatively low.Conclusion In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,industrial production and coal burning <br> area major sources of air pollution,which account for the main components of PM2.5 and PM10.In addi-tion,a large amout of automobile exhaust is a major source of air pollution.Therefore,controlling coal combustion and vehicle exhaust emissions, and developing clean energy can effectively improve the air quality of Beijing-Tianjin-Heibei area and give a blue sky.