生态环境恶化及可恢复性研究——以西北干旱区为例

Deterioration and Restoration of Ecological Environment——A Case of Arid Area in Northwest China

目的针对西北干旱区的生态环境问题,根据提供的动植物数据,综合分析不同人为干扰因素对荒漠地区生态退化程度的影响和在退化、半退化等不同退化阶段生态环境的可恢复性。方法综合使用多元线性回归、非线性拟合和模糊综合评价等方法,分别建立生态退化程度评价、主成分分析、微分方程、生态环境恢复等模型,运用SPSS、Excel和MATLAB软件,对西北干旱区的生态退化及可恢复性进行全面分析与研究。结果 EDI对地区不同人为干扰条件下的生态退化程度有影响;不同退化阶段生态退化程度与主成分之间具有相关性;不同生态退化阶段,生态退化程度与植被量具有函数关系。在不同的人为干扰条件下,西北荒漠地区的生态退化程度表现是不同的。轮牧条件下比过牧条件下对生态环境的破坏性要低。通过对轮牧地区生态退化程度与植物高度及盖度的研究可知其相关性最大,这表明轮牧地区生态退化程度与动植物量的关系最密切,即可以通过减少人为干扰或增加植物量来促使生态环境恢复正常。在半退化阶段、生态环境恶化程度并不是很大,说明生态环境仍具有可恢复性。但是到了退化阶段,生态环境的恶化已不可逆转、无法恢复。结论在不同人为干扰条件下,生态环境都将遭到不同程度的破坏,从而出现生态环境恶化的现象。但是认识到生态环境是具有可恢复性的,可以通过减少人为干扰或增加植物量来促使生态环境恢复正常,使得生态环境得以改善,居住环境更加美好。

Objective Aiming at the ecological environment problems in arid area of Northwest China,we comprehensively analyzed the influences of different human disturbance factors on the degree of ecological degradation in desert region and the restoration of ecological environment in different stages of degradation,semi-degradation and so on according to the existing data of animal and plant.Methods We established the model of ecological degradation degree evaluation,principal component analysis,differential equation and ecological environment restoration by using multiple linear regression,nonlinear fitting and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.In the process,SPSS,Excel and MATLAB software were used to analyze and study the ecological degradation and restoration of the arid area in Northwest China.Results First,EDI had an iniluence on the ecological degradation degree under different human disturbance in different areas.Second,there were correlations between the degree of ecological degradation and the principal components in different stages of degradation.Third,the degree of ecological degradation had a functional relationship with the amount of vegetation in different stages of ecological degradation.Furthermore,under different human disturbance conditions,the ecological degradation degrees of the northwest desert region were different:compared with heavy grazing,rotational grazing had low destructive role on the ecological environment.There was the closest correlation between the degradation degree and plant height and coverage area of ecological grazing.This indicated that the rotational grazing area ecological degradation degree and dynamic plant quantity were most closely related,the ecological environmental restoration could be promoted to normality by reducing human disturbance or increasing the amount of plant.In the semi-degradation stage,the deterioration of the ecological environment was not very large,which showed that the ecological environment was still recoverable.But at the stage of degradation,the deterioration of the ecological environment was irreversible and could not be restored.Conclusions Under different human disturbance conditions,the ecological environment will be destroyed in varying degrees,which leads to the deterioration of ecological environment.But the ecological environment is in the course of recovery.We can reduce human disturbance or increase the amount of plants to make the ecological environment return to normal,so that the ecological environment of our survival homes can be improved.