京津冀地区空气污染物分布演变规律的定量分析

Quantitative Analysis of Distribution of Air Pollutants in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

目的针对京津冀地区空气质量指数和污染源,建立新的空气质量标准来定义空气等级,建立模型对污染源扩散进行研究,并给出减少京津冀地区污染的建议。方法以河北省为研究对象,通过互联网查找河北省的污染数据,分析国标和美标的区别,从而对国家空气质量标准(AQI)进行改进,运用半集均方差方法重新建立空气优劣程度模型,并在高斯定理的基础上建立多种研究污染物扩散的单污染源扩散、OSPM、CALINE-4、GM等模型,利用MATLAB、Excel等软件,给出不同时间段以及北京不同路段的污染浓度梯度和空气质量等级。结果北京早上8时AQI为255.16,空气质量五级,重度污染;中午12时AQI为140.78,空气质量三级,轻度污染;晚上21时AQI为77.79,空气质量二级,良。相同时间段内二环CO浓度高于四环,四环高于六环,相同路段在不同时间段内CO浓度呈折线变化,其中在7∶00~9∶00和19∶00~21∶00这2个时间段内CO浓度最高,11∶00~13∶00相对较低。结论京津冀地区工业生产和煤炭燃烧是空气污染的重要来源,其中PM2.5和PM10是主要成分,另外大量的汽车尾气也是空气污染的主要来源。因此,通过控制煤炭燃烧和机动车尾气的排放及开发清洁能源等措施可以有效地改善京津冀地区的空气质量。

Objective Against air quality index and pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,a new air quality standard was established to define the class of air.And the model was established to study the spread of the pollution sources and reduce the pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Methods By taking Hebei province as the research object and through the pollution data of Hebei province in Internet,the difference between China's standard and U.S.standard was analyzed to improve the national air quality standard(AQI).Mean square error method using half set was used to reestablish air quality model,and based on the Gauss theorem,single pollutant diffusion,the pollutant diffusion OSPM,CALINE-4,and GM model were established.In combination with MATLAB and Excel software,different times and different sections of Beijing pollution concentration gradient and air quality levels were given.Results In Beijing at 8a.m,AQI was 255.16,at Level 5,severe pollution;at 12,AQI 140.78,level 3,light pollution;at 9p.m.,AQI 77.79,level 2and good.CO concentration was higher than that in same period on 4th Ring,and 4th Ring higher than sixth Ring.At the same section and in different periods CO concentrations were represented by zipped lines,in which at about 7:00-9:00,and at 19:00-21:00CO concentrations were highest,and at 11-13:00relatively low.Conclusion In Beijing-TianjinHebei region,industrial production and coal combustion are important sources of air pollution with PM2.5and PM10 as the main composition.The large amount of automobile exhaust is also the main source of air pollution.Therefore,controlling the coal combustion and motor vehicle exhaust emissions,and developing clean energy can effectively improve the air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.A blue sky in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region will return.