《左传》战争礼述略

A Brief Discussion on the War Ritual in Zuozhuan

礼是宗法社会的道德行为规范,它维持着整个国家社会的既定秩序,也包括国家的军事政治生活。以《左传》为依据对春秋战争礼进行研究,战争礼包括战争中的礼仪制度,如治兵、祭社、卜战、致师、犒师、战祷、献捷、饮至及受降等,也包括战争中的礼义思想,即君子之间的"贵族精神"和高于一切的"贵义精神"。此外,战争礼并非一成不变,它随社会变革"相因损益",而这些变化在春秋时还未达到"礼崩乐坏"的程度,有些只是为了"更合时宜"。

As a moral norm of the patriarchal society,the ritual not only maintains the established order of the whole country but involves the political and military affairs of a country as well.The paper explores the war ritual in the Spring and Autumn Period based on Zuozhuan.The war ritual not only includes the system of etiquette——directing military affairs,making a sacrifice to the kitchen god,divination before the war,rewarding the army,praying for the war,sending war prisoners to the ally showing friendship,and accepting a surrender and so on,but also the idea of propriety and righteousness——the noble spirit between the gentlemen and the righteous spirit exceeding anything.Moreover,the war ritual is not static;it changes with social change.