中草药在水产动物免疫上的应用

A review on application of Chinese herbal medicine additives in immunization of aquatic animals

随着养殖规模的扩大和养殖环境的恶化,水产养殖业越来越受困于病害的频繁发生,尤其是细菌性和病毒性疾病给鱼、虾等水产动物的养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。传统的化学类和抗生素类药物毒性较大,容易使病原微生物产生耐药性,且严重污染水环境。中草药具有其安全、低毒、环保等特点,越来越为水产养殖界所关注,相关的应用研究报道也日益增多。以近年来水产动物免疫研究中中草药的应用研究进展进行了综述,大量研究报道显示中草药具有提高水产动物(鱼、虾、蟹等)免疫机能的作用,并在抗病毒、抗菌和抗寄生虫等方面表现出有效的促进作用,从而提高了水产养殖动物的成活率。目前的研究趋势是从过去的复方制剂研究更多地向一种中草药及其提取物的免疫促进作用研究过渡,同时相关研究的深度不断加强,有助于精准用药和降低成本,拓宽了中草药在水产动物疾病预防上的应用前景,从而促进水产养殖业采用更加绿色环保的疾病预防方法。

Since the 1990s,with the expanding scale of aquaculture and the deteriorating aquatic environment,aquaculture has been increasingly affected by various diseases,especially viral and bacterial diseases have caused huge economic loss in fish and shrimp culture.Traditional chemical and antibiotic drugs are highly toxic,and are easy to cause drug-resistance of pathogenic microbes.With the increasing attention paid by the state and the society to the ecological environment and food safety,more drugs of these categories are prohibited by the Ministry of Agriculture.Characterized by being safe,low toxin,environment friendly,Chinese herb medicine is added into aquaculture feed to prevent and control disease of aquatic organisms.Chinese herb medicine and its applications in aquatic animal immunity were reviewed.A large body of literature reported that Chinese herbal medicine played an important role in enhancing the immune function of aquatic animals(fish,shrimp,crabs,and etc.),promoted the antiviral,antibacterial and anti-parasitic activity effectively,and increased the survival rate of aquatic animals.Current research focus tends to change from previous compound preparation to the immune role of a separate herb and its extract.And the depth of research has been strengthened,which contributes to precision medication and reducing cost,widening the prospect of the application of Chinese herbal medicine in the disease prevention of aquatic animals,and promoting the adoption of a greener and environmentally friendly disease prevention method in aquaculture.[Ch,59 ref.].