国家级高新技术产业开发区运行效率评价——基于DEA-Malmquist指数和聚类分析

Evaluation of Operational Efficiency for National-level High-tech Industrial Development Zones:Based on the DEA-Malmquist Index and Clustering Method

引入数据包络法(data envelopment analysis,DEA)的Malmquist指数对高新技术产业开发区的运行效率进行评价,构建了研究高新技术产业开发区的Malmquist指数模型。运用建立的模型,测评了2007-2012年国家级高新技术开发区的技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率三个指标。结果表明:2007-2012年,国家级高新区平均全要素水平达到效率前沿面,四大区域的平均全要素效率都呈现上升趋势,技术变化是提升全要素效率的重要途径,技术效率变化方面仍存在改善的空间。根据技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率三个指标为变量对不同类型的开发区的全要素运行效率差异和特征进行聚类和分析,并提出高新开发区进一步发展的建议对策。

This paper introduces the DEA-Malmquist index to evaluate operational efficiency of high-tech industrial development zones,and builds up a malmquist index model to study China' s high-tech industrial development zones.The authors calculated three indexes of the national-level high-tech industrial development zones from2007 to 2011with the model,including technological progress,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.The results show that,firstly,the average total factor productivity of the national-level high-tech industrial development zones reaches the efficiency frontier;secondly,the average total factor productivity in the four regions presents an increasing trend;thirdly,technical change is an important approach to enhance total factor efficiency;finally,there is still room for the improvement of technical efficiency.According to technological progress,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency as the variables,we made a clustering and analysis according to the differences and characteristics of the total factor efficiency in different kinds of development zones,and put forward suggestions and countermeasures on further development of high-tech zones.