宪法上的文化权及其限制——对“文化家长主义”的一种反思

The Constitutional Right to Culture and Its Limit: A Reflection upon "Cultural Paternalism"

文化权作为一项宪法权利,不能免于符合宪法限度的限制。文化家长主义是一种特殊的文化权限制理论,其假定国家与公民在文化生活中构成"家长与子女"的关系,以维护公民的自身利益的名义限制其权利之行使。这一理论主要以"形而上国家观"为基础,一方面强化了国家的道德自足性,另一方面则低估了公民个人的自主判断力,对文化权的限制程度较大。但是,形而上国家观早已遭遇重大理论挑战与实践困境。在合宪性控制的框架内,我们必须对文化家长主义理论加以限定和重构,才能继续保留其作为限权理论的有限功能。

As a constitutional right,the right to culture is not immune from limitations which comply with constitutional boundary. ' Cultural Paternalism' is a unique type of limitation which based on the presupposition of the relationship of the state and the citizen in the cultural life as that of ' the parents and the child',seek to impose restriction upon the exercise of the right in the name of promoting the citizen's own good. Cultural Paternalism,as a legal theory,is founded upon the ' Metaphysical Theory of the State' which emphasizes the moral integrity of the state and disgraces the autonomous determination of an individual and thus constitutes a mysterious and dangerous mode of restriction of civil rights. However,the ' Metaphysical Theory of the State' has been confronted intensively. As a result,the Cultural Paternalism,as a legal theory justifying the restriction of the right to culture,has to be limited and reconstructed to avoid being held unconstitutional.