共享经济的监管:一个分析框架——以共享单车为例

Towards A Theoretical Framework of Regulation for Shared Economy:A Case Study of Shared Bicycle

以共享单车为例,基于无序与强制的分析框架,本文从合作监管的视角梳理我国共享经济监管的政策和实践,分析共享经济监管的类型、动态演进过程和最优监管的实现方式。共享经济存在着单独监管、少数主体合作监管、多数主体合作监管和超级综合监管四种类型,总体上,监管趋向最优,然而,受到技术的短期效应、法治化程度与民众素养的约束,最优监管往往难以实现。在理想状态下,平台监管及其长期形成的平台生态是最优监管可能的实现方式之一,它为共享经济的持续健康发展提供了重要的参考和借鉴。

In the framework of coercion and disorder,the paper combines the policy and implementation of sharing economy regulation promulgated by multiple cities in China from the perspective of collaborative regulation,and analyzes the types of shared economy regulation,the dynamic evolution process,and the implementation of optimal regulation.It concluded that there were four types of regulation for shared economy:individual regulation,collaborative regulation by a few entities,collaborative regulation by most subjects,and super comprehensive supervision.In general,regulation of shared economy tends to be optimal.However,under restrictions of technology,the degree of legalization,and the quality of the public,optimal supervision was often difficult to achieve in practice.In an ideal state,platform governance and its ecosystem is one of the possible ways to lead to optimal regulation.The collaborative regulation of shared bicycles provides an important reference and experience for the development of the shared economy.