自主性是否存在——“神经X学”时代的挑战

Does Autonomy Exist in the “Neural X” Era?

在日常的意识体验中,人们将自主性、自由意志当作理所当然的事情欣然接受,也顺理成章地在其基础上建立起庞大的道德法律体系,以之规约社会生活。然而,伴随近年来"新自然主义"的强势崛起,以神经伦理学、神经经济学、神经美学、神经法学等为代表的"神经X学"正蓬勃发展,神经科学家、脑科学家等开展的一系列实验研究对自主性与自由意志是否真的存在这一哲学问题提出了严肃质疑。倘若神经X学在技术上进一步实现质的突破,作为个体自主性的基础的自由意志最终被否定,那么,这将对整个人类文明造成巨大的冲击,使人类社会的道德、法律、伦理体系以及个人的人生观、价值观、世界观发生不可预测的重大变革。

In the daily experience,people accept autonomy and free will as a matter of course to establish a huge moral and legal system on the basis of which to regulate social life.However,with the strong rise of'new naturalism'in recent years,'Neuro X'discipline represented by neuroethics,neuroeconomics,neuro-aesthetics,neurological law,etc.is booming,many neuroscientists and brain scientists are developing a series of experimental studies to raise a serious philosophical question of whether autonomy and free will exist.If Neuro X further achieves a qualitative breakthrough in technology,and the free will as the basis of individual autonomy is finally denied,the entire human civilization would be tremendously impacted,as well as there would be unpredictable changes in personal outlook on life,values,and world.