证据推理中的价值判断

Value Judgments in Evidence Reasoning

证据推理是指法官评价并运用证据进行事实判断和认定的推理。证据推理和事实判断需要遵从理性,也需要价值判断参与进来。为证据规则所明示的、规范事实认定过程的法律价值判断,是证据推理之际需遵循的一阶价值判断。公正、权利保护、效率等基本法律价值以及法官的道德信念,是解决事实真伪不明问题和评估可能性概率的二阶价值判断。只有将价值论研究推进到证据推理层次,才能推进证据法学研究并完成证据法基础理论的价值论转向。

Evidence reasoning refers to the reasoning of judges’evaluation and applying evidence into factual judgment and determination.Evidence reasoning and factual judgment require rational and value judgment.Legal value judgment,which is the process of determining the facts and revealed by the rules of evidence,is the first-order value judgment to be followed at the time of evidence reasoning.Legal values declared by evidence rules and regulating the process of determining the facts,are the first-order value judgment to be followed at the time of evidence reasoning.The basic legal values,like Justice,rights protection,efficiency,and the moral beliefs of judges are second-order value judgments that solve the problem of unclear truth and assess the probability.Only by pushing the study of value theory to the level of evidence reasoning can we advance the study of evidence law and complete the axiology transfer of the basic theory of evidence law.