就业率还是就业质量?——对浙江高校毕业生的满意度调查

Employment Rate or Employment Quality:A Survey of the Satisfaction of College Graduates in Zhejiang Province

毕业生对母校的满意度是大学教育质量评价的重要观测指标,基于就业视域,以就业率和就业质量为观测指标的就业竞争力直接关乎毕业生长远核心利益,是影响毕业生对母校满意度的重要因素。本文利用2012-2017年浙江省6所高校培养质量报告及毕业生调查数据,建立Tobit模型来分析,结果表明:以工资水平、专业相关度衡量的就业质量对毕业生总体及各细分满意度均存在显著的正向影响;就业率则对总体满意度影响不显著,但对教学及就业服务满意度影响非常显著;另外,专业背景从边际影响上改变毕业生对母校的满意度,其中医学和社会科学类专业最为明显。鉴于此,高校通过推出分专业的个性化教学培养和就业服务,在提升毕业生就业率的同时更应该关注就业质量,这对提升毕业生对母校的满意度有事半功倍之效。

Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee,attaches great importance to the education sector,and it is also the common expectation of the whole society.Students are important participants and direct beneficiaries of higher education,and their satisfaction with higher education should be the focus of our attention.Therefore,from the perspective of'student-oriented',graduates’satisfaction with their alma mater should be an important observation index for the evaluation of university education quality.Based on the employment perspective,the employment competitiveness,which takes employment rate and employment quality as the observation indexes,is directly related to the long-term core interests of graduates,and thus becomes an important factor affecting their satisfaction with their Alma mater.So,how is the correlation between the two factors and graduates’satisfaction to the educational quality of their alma mater?In this paper,Tobit model was established to analyze the cultivation quality reports and graduate survey data of6 universities in Zhejiang province from 2012 to 2017.The empirical results show that employment quality measured by salary level and professional relevance has a significant positive impact on overall and subdivided satisfaction.The employment rate has no significant influence on the overall satisfaction,but it has a significant influence on the teaching and employment service satisfaction.In addition,professional background has a marginal effect on graduates’satisfaction with their alma mater,which is most obvious in medical and social science majors.In view of this,colleges and universities should pay more attention to the quality of employment while improving the employment rate of graduates through the introduction of individualized teaching and training and employment services of different majors,which can get twice the result with half the effort to improve the satisfaction of graduates to their alma mater.