从现金到服务:社会保障给付结构的局限、转换动力与路径

From Cash to Services: Limitations, Transformation Motivations and Paths of Social Security Payment Methods

一直以来,我国社会保障给付结构主要以现金给付为主。随着社会经济的发展以及人口老龄化的加剧,现金给付已不足以满足多样化、个性化的民生需求,因此需要重新审视和完善我国的社会保障给付结构。本文梳理了国际社会保障给付结构的发展趋势,结合对我国社会保障给付现状的分析发现,我国社会保障给付结构存在靶向性不强、保障不充分、财政负担重、社会投资功能弱等局限,亟需从'现金为本'转向'服务为本'。同时从理念、政策、需求和技术维度阐述了社会保障给付结构转换的逻辑动力,并提出了服务为本的社会保障给付结构的发展路径,以期为优化社会保障给付结构、促进社会保障高质量发展提供思路。

Cash benefit has long been the major payment method of China’s social security.With the development of economy and population ageing,solely paying with cash is not enough to provide personalized or comprehensive services to the citizens.Therefore there is a pressing need to diversify the payments methods.This article summarizes the international development trend of payment method used in social security area and finds out that the current payment method in China is in lack of explicit objectives and the coverage of services is rather limited.It has also criticized that excessive cash benefits will increase the government’s financial burden and weaken the ability to invest in other social service projects.From the perspectives of concept building,policy making,demand and technology,the results of this article suggest that the payment method should be gradually switched from cash to services.In order to fundamentally improve the social security system,the method of'paying with services'should play a dominant role.