区域独立学院的起源与发展特征——以北京市为例

Research on the Origin and Development Characteristics of Regional Independent Colleges: Taking Beijing as an Example

不同区域的独立学院,其发展变迁受各区域政策、资源和治理等诸方面因素影响,从而形成独立学院发展的区域性特征。北京的城市功能定位和高等教育资源状况等因素,决定了其独立学院具有比较明显的区域性特征:组织数量少、规模偏小,类型单一、均属于"民办型独立学院",专业独立性强、依赖母体高校的程度降低,内部控制与治理结构不断演变造成独立学院与母体高校越来越呈现一种"弱关系"等。当前,北京独立学院面临着招生计划偏少、学费标准较高以及转设困难等问题,亟须政府赋予独立学院更大的办学自主权、加大差异化扶持政策以及根据地方实际出台区域性的转设政策。

The process of development and change of independent colleges in different regions are affected by various regional policies,resources,governance and other factors. Thus,development of independent colleges has gradually formed regional characteristics. Due to various factors such as its functional orientation and resources of higher education in Beijing,Beijing’s independent colleges have distinct regional characteristics including small number and small scale,single structure all belonging to'non-governmental independent college',strong professional independence and low dependence on parent universities,evolving internal control and governance structure leading to weak relationship between independent colleges and their parent universities.At present,independent colleges in Beijing face problems such as low enrollment plan,high tuition fees,and difficulties in their transformation. They urgently need the government to give them greater autonomy in running schools,increase differentiated support policies and introduce regional transfer policies based on local condition.