也谈汉语方言XA式状态形容词中的X——以武冈方言为例

Discussion of the X on the XA-type State Adjectives in Chinese Dialects:Taking Wugang Dialect as an Example

在对湖南武冈方言XA式状态形容词归纳分析的基础上,文章重点考察汉语方言中XA式状态形容词中X的性质问题。XA式状态形容词在湘语、赣语和客家话等方言中大量存在,其中的X大都有词汇意义,X的位置并不固定,X的语音形式并不一致,XA大都有重叠形式,因而X不宜被视作词缀,XA应被视为偏正型复合词。在XA式状态形容词的演变过程中,X会出现核心意义的淡化、泛化以及感情色彩义的贬化等情形,但一般以X程度意义的强化作为补偿,因而X仍有一定的实在意义。

Based on the induction and analysis on the XA-type state adjectives in Wugang dialect of Hunan,the paper focuses on the nature of the XA-type state adjectives in Chinese dialects.The XA-type state adjectives largely appear in Xiang dialect,Gan dialect and Kejia dialect.Most of X exists lexical meaning and its location is not fixed.X does not have the same phonetic form,whereas most of XA have overlapping form.Therefore,X should not be regarded as an affix,and XA should be regarded as an orthogonal compound word.In the process of evolution on the XA-type state adjectives,the core meaning of X has been weakened and generalized,and the emotional meaning been depreciated.However,commonly the extent meaning of X has been strengthened,and thus X still has some practical significance.