基于预先危险性分析法的城市公交车安全设施标准研究

Study on the Standard of City Bus Safety Facilities Based on Preliminary Hazards Analysis

针对城市公交车安全事故频发的现象进行了危险性分析。结果表明,事故比例最高的为车辆伤害,达51.61%;其次是火灾爆炸,占31.18%。采用预先危险性分析法对城市公交车安全事故进行危险性评价,结果显示,其中19个评价小项中危险等级为Ⅳ级的有10项,危险性等级为Ⅲ级的有5项,危险性等级为II级的有4。经过分析可知,一旦发生火灾等事故,将会造成公交车系统破坏,甚至人员的伤亡。研究表明,诸如医用急救箱、应急开关、自动爆玻装置、灭火毯、全景影像系统、烟雾自动感应装置及自动喷淋装置等,应尽快得到相关的应用性试验,并在符合生产实际的条件下,将可行性大的设施列入到当地的行业配置标准中。

The article analyzes the risk related with city bus traffic accidents. The result shows that vehicle injuries has the highest ratio of the risks which comes to 51. 61%; fire and explosion comes to next: 31. 18%. By using preliminary hazards analysis to evaluate city bus traffic accidents risk,the results shows that there are 10 Ⅳ,5 Ⅲ and 4 II threat level items in all 19 evaluation events. Analysis shows that bus system will be destroyed and even casualties once accidents occur such as fire. Therefore,safety devices such as medical first aid kits,emergency switches,automatic glass blasting devices,fire blankets,panoramic imaging systems,smoke sensors and automatic spray devices,etc.,should be tested as soon as possible. Meanwhile,under actual production conditions,feasible facilities should be list into the local industry standard.