“异化”与“创新”——当代科技类博物馆面临的挑战与对策

“Dissimilation”and “Innovation” The Challenges and Countermeasures Faced by Science and Technology Museums

自然史博物馆是公共博物馆初创时的主要形态,其后发展演变出多种形态。本文通过分析国际科技类博物馆发展历程及其背景,指出科技类博物馆的实质是构建和传播理性科学知识,其存在意义是奠定人作为世界主体的现代社会的知识基础;科技类博物馆呈现显著的发展阶段性,其收藏价值、组织目标、社会作用相应调整和改变。在此基础上,本文认为当代科技类博物馆需要坚持构建和传播理性知识的信念,拓展成年观众群体,鼓励观众参与科学研究过程,服务所在地地域发展需求。

When the public museum startups,the Natural Science Museum is the main form that a variety of museum forms were developed from it. By analyzing the development process of science and technology museum,the paper points out the core function of science and technology museums is to build and to disseminate rational scientific knowledge. The significance of science and technology museums is to lay the knowledge which takes human as subject of the world in the modern society. The variety of forms of science and technology museums showed a significant stage of development,their collection value,organizational goal,and social role has undergone continuous adjustments. Science and technology museum needs to persist a firm belief in increasing and dissemination of knowledge,expending adult audience development, encouraging audience to participate in scientific research process,and to meet the development needs of the region.