自然科学博物馆的“展教合一”

Combine Exhibition with Education in Natural Science Museums

展览作为博物馆的核心特色产品,对博物馆教育功能的发挥起着非常重要的作用。本文分析了我国自然科学博物馆常设展览的特点及其教育效果的现状,从教育项目规划和教学设计两个方面指出了当前我国自然科学博物馆教育体系中存在的不足,并提出了通过教育活动来提升常设展览教育效果的"展教合一"的建议对策,包括注重"分众化、衍生化、一体化、观众研究"的教育规划思路,根据"不同人群和活动形式"设计教育活动,以及"围绕核心概念、运用探究方法、选用本地化和内生性内容"的教学设计原则。

As the core product of museum,exhibition plays an important role in elaborating a museum's education function. This article analyzes features and affections in education of today's exhibitions to point out two limitations on educational planning and design in natural science museums. Therefore,the author proposes a suggestion of 'Combine Exhibition with Education'through educational activities to improve the outcome in three ways: First of all,it is necessary to identify visitor classification,to develop multiple activities and derivatives,to provide the experience including before and after visit,and to conduct comprehensive and in-depth visitor studies. The second way is to design activities according to the target visitor and different forms,and then the final way is to follow the core concepts,inquiry-teaching method,local and endogenous content.