学生集体参观科技类博物馆的学习效果研究

Research on Learning Efficacy of School Visits to Science and Technology Museums

以色列的两位学者基于社会文化理论设计了调查内容与方法,对4家自然历史博物馆的学生集体参观学习的过程、活动形式、交流互动和博物馆工作人员的导览内容、方式进行了分析,讨论了组织学生集体参观科技类博物馆不同策略下的学习效果。研究结果显示:传统的参观导览内容与方式,既不符合当代的科学教育发展趋势和博物馆对学习效果的新追求,也不适用于科技类博物馆基于实物展品的体验式学习和探究式学习。本研究的内容、方法、结果及其理论基础,对我国科技类博物馆均有启发。

Based on the sociocultural theory,two Israeli scholars designed a research project to investigate the process of student-groups visiting to four natural history museums.This paper analyzed the forms of activities,interactions among students and the contents and methods museum staff used for guiding these students.And the learning effects made by different strategies for student-groups visiting were also discussed.The research showed that traditional contents and methods of museum guiding did neither go with the development trend of contemporary science education nor accord with the new pursuit of learning effect in museums.The contents,methods,results and theoretical basis of this study are enlightening to science and technology museums in China.