脏器纤维化:一个重要的病理生理过程

Organ fibrosis:an important pathophysiological process

脏器纤维化是由多种急慢性病变引起的器官组织内纤维结缔组织增多和实质细胞减少的病理变化。心、肝、肺、肾等实质脏器纤维化导致的脏器功能衰竭是患者致残、死亡的主要原因。肾脏纤维化是各种慢性肾脏病进展至终末期肾衰竭的共同途径,其本质是肾组织损伤后的"疤痕化"修复;肺纤维化是肺部疾病发展、演变、疤痕化的最终结局;肝脏纤维化是肝脏对慢性损伤的一种修复反应,是慢性肝病共有的病理改变;心肌纤维化是失代偿性心肌肥厚和心力衰竭的重要标志,参与高血压、肥厚性心肌病、心力衰竭和心肌梗塞引起的心肌重构。目前脏器纤维化的发病机制不十分清楚,尚未找到用于早期诊断的生物标志物,几乎没有专门针对纤维化的治疗药物。本文对各实质脏器纤维化的研究热点、进展、尚待解决的科学问题及研究思路等方面进行了全面的阐术。

Organ fibrosis is a kind of pathological change characterized by increased fibrous connective tissues and reduced parenchymal cells caused by a variety of acute and chronic lesions.Organ failure caused by heart,liver,lung,kidney and other solid organ fibrosis is the main reason of disability and death in patients.Renal fibrosis is the common approach of all chronic kidney diseases progression to end-stage renal failure,and its essence is the 'repair of scars' after renal tissue damage.Pulmonary fibrosis is the final outcome of various lung diseases development,evolution and scarring.Hepatic fibrosis is a chronic repair response to the liver injury,and it is the common pathological changes of chronic liver disease.Myocardial fibrosis is an important indicator of decompensated cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure,and it participates in myocardial remodeling caused by hypertension,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,heart failure and myocardial infarction.So far,the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis is not very clear,and biomarkers for early diagnosis haven't been identified,and there has no drug specifically for fibrosis.This article made the comprehensive summary on the organ fibrosis from several aspects,including the hot field,progress,scientific issues remained and strategv in the future.