中美科研实力比较研究:基于《2018研究前沿》的分析

A comparative study of scientific research strength between China and the United States:an analysis based on “Research Fronts 2018”

本文从10个领域分别对中国和美国在《2018研究前沿》100个热点前沿和38个新兴前沿的科研与创新水平展开比较分析,揭示中国相对于美国在哪些前沿处于创新卓越、创新前列和创新行列位置,或处于创新追赶和创新空白地位,以期掌握中国与美国的差距和优势。结果显示,中国现阶段在70%以上的研究前沿上已经进入了创新行列及以上水平(包括创新前列和创新卓越),10个领域中的7个已经处于创新行列及以上水平。但中国与美国在前沿研究上仍有较大差距,中美研究前沿热度指数分别为118.38和227.39,中国约为美国的一半。中国和美国分别有54和118个前沿处于创造卓越状态,但中国创新卓越的前沿还不到美国的一半,30%的研究前沿仍处在创新追赶状态,在个别前沿上仍为空白。

The'Research Fronts 2018'report having selected and discussed 100 hot fronts and 38 emerging fronts in 10 broad research areas.Based on the finding of'Research Fronts 2018',this paper uses the Research Leadership Index to assess the research activity of China and the USA and to observe how that activity,in the face of global competition in innovation and technological advancement,is demonstrated in these Research Fronts.The results show that China has more than 70% of Research Fronts entered the perfect level and above(including the outstanding and excellent level),and 7 of the 10 fields have been in the perfect level and above.However,there is still a big gap between China and the USA in Research Fronts.the Research Leadership Index of China and the USA are 118.38 and 227.39 respectively,and China is about half of that of the USA.China and the USA have 54 and 118 Research Fronts in the excellent level respectively,and the number of excellent Research Fronts of China is less than half of that of the USA.30% of the Research Fronts are still in the level of catching up.