我国自然科学基金资助机制研究：竞争择优机制下的稳定支持

Research on the funding mechanism of National Natural Science Foundation of China:stable support under competitive selection

竞争择优与稳定支持是政府支持科学研究的两种主要模式。竞争择优作为各国科学基金普遍采用的资助模式,具有资助学科均衡性、资助对象优秀性、资助机制多样性的特点,同样实现了稳定支持的效果。国家自然科学基金2017年通讯评审数据统计结果表明,当前参与评审专家数量多、专家对项目熟悉程度高、项目申请整体水平较高且通讯评审的共识程度较高、项目申请竞争激烈。各类自主选题项目自成立以来资助体量不断提高,多次获资助项目负责人占总申请人比例有所上升,为高水平的基础研究队伍提供了稳定的经费资助。但目前的资助机制也面临过度竞争以及针对优秀团队和重要核心科学问题的资助不足等问题,需要从竞争择优与稳定支持两方面进行改善。

Competitive selection and stable support are two main mechanisms of government support for scientific research.Competitive selection is a commonly used funding mechanism for national science funds.It has the characteristics of funding discipline balance,excellence of funding objects,and diversity of funding mechanisms.It also achieves the effect of stable support.According to statistical results of 2017 communication review data of NSFC,the number of experts participating in the review is high,the experts are familiar with the project,the overall level of project applications is high,the consensus of communication review is high,and the project application competition is fierce.Since the establishment of various self-selected projects,the amount of funding has been continuously improved.The proportion of principal investigators who have received grants more than once has increased,showing that stable funding for high-level basic research teams.However,the current funding mechanism is also facing excessive competition and insufficient funding for outstanding teams and important core scientific issues.It needs to be improved from competitive and stable support.