20世纪60年代初安徽省“责任田”名称及政策变迁研究

A Study on the Names and Policy Changes of Responsibility Fields in Anhui Province in 1960s

安徽率先在全国启动农村改革的重要原因之一,便是借鉴了1961年"责任田"的历史经验。1961年3月至6月间,"责任田"几经更名,由最初的"包产到户"到最终定名为"田间管理责任制加奖励办法"。通过梳理"责任田"名称的变化,可以看出安徽省委决策受制于当时的政治环境。为符合政策规定,"责任田"必须回避"包产到户"的提法,所取的名称得到了最高决策层的认同,这为其在全省推广奠定了坚实的基础。安徽"责任田"的命名,充分说明了政治修辞的必要性和重要性。

The nationwide rural reform was firstly started in Anhui province for it once used the historical experience of responsibility fields in 1961 for reference. From March to June in 1961, from the first 'fix farm output quotas for each household' to the final 'field management responsibility system and reward measures', the names of responsibility fields had changed for several times. These changes reflected that the decision-making of Anhui provincial Party committee was subject to the political environment of the day. To be consistent with national policy, the name of responsibility fields should avoid the wording 'fix farm output quotas for each household' and the last name was approved by central policymakers, which also laid the solid foundation for the spreading of responsibility fields in the whole province. The naming of responsibility fields in Anhui province indicates the importance of the political rhetoric.