黑豆嘴半月形有銎钺来源探析

Origin of the Semilunar Perforated Battle-Axe in Heidouzui Remains

陕西淳化县黑豆嘴遗存因出土较多造型奇特、文化来源复杂的晚商时期青铜器而备受学术界关注,其中一件半月形有銎钺往往被认为与西亚地区的目形钺关系密切,而归入西来文化因素。然而,西亚地区流行的有孔钺年代早于黑豆嘴半月形有銎钺近六七百年,并且缺乏明确的传播路径,二者很可能只是外形有些许相似,但却出于不同的设计理念。经分析,黑豆嘴铜钺更可能是最早出现于中国南方盘龙城遗址的弧刃翘角铜钺溯汉水而上经汉中地区向北传播到关中一带,期间吸收晚商时期舌形钺上的凸棱装饰,并借鉴了北方式青铜兵器以銎贯柲的装柄方式而形成的创新型产品。

Bronze wares of the late Shang dynasty excavated in Heidouzui site in Shaanxi province have been the focus of academic attention for their unusual shapes and multiple cultural origins. A semilunar perforated battle-axe among them used to be regarded as closely related with the oval battle-axes in west Asia and with western cultural elements. However, as the date of the perforated battle-axes in west Asia is about six hundred years earlier than the semilunar perforated battle-axe in Heidouzui and there has been no definite transportation path between those two, the similarities of those two should be merely in appearance. The battle-axe in Heiduozui should be related to the bronze battle-axes with arc blade and raised angle from Panlongcheng site in south China. The transportation should be along the Han River and then northwards to Guanzhong Plain, during which it adopted the convex-edged decorations on tongue-shaped battle-axes and the handle mode of the northern bronze weapons whose handle was installed in the hollow socket.