天台礼忏仪“十科行法”研究

Study on Shi Ke Xing Faof Tiantai penitential observances(Li Chan Yi)

礼忏仪是佛教仪轨行事的一类,主要是以智顗创制的"十科行法"为正修行方法的组织程序。"十科行法"的建立和流行,对礼忏仪乃至整个佛教仪轨的架构分科都产生了深远的影响。中国佛教礼忏仪始于东晋初,到唐宋各宗派都建立了自己的礼忏仪体系,而"十科行法"正是各宗派制忏的模本。"十科行法"修证体系的主要思想和实践来源是"二十五方便"和"十境十乘观法"止观体系。"十科行法"的架构分科主要是基础准备阶段的"严净道场、清净三业及三业供养",请佛、赞佛阶段的"奉请三宝、赞叹三宝及礼佛方法"和重点的"五悔、行道旋绕及诵经坐禅",每一科都有各自的独特意涵。但无论修证抑或止观,其终极目的无异,皆是思维一佛乘中道实相不思议境界而得解脱。

Tiantai penitential observance(Li Chan Yi) is a kind of the rituals of Chinese Buddhism. Zhi Yi created Shi Ke Xing Fa as the organizational procedures of practicing Buddhism. The establishment and popularity of Shi Ke Xing Fa affected penitential ceremony(Li Chan Yi) and Buddhist rituals deeply. The penitential ceremony(Li Chan Yi) of Chinese Buddhism started from the early Eastern Jin Dynasty. Denominations established their own systems of the penitential ceremony(Li Chan Yi) in Tang and Song dynasties, and the Shi Ke Xing Fa is their model. The main idea and practice source of Shi Ke Xing Fa derived from Er Shi Wu Fang Bian and Shi Jing Shi Cheng Guan Fa. The structure of Shi Ke Xing Fa mainly included the following: 'cleaning the place where the Taoist or Buddhist rites are performed(Yan Jing Dao Chang), Qing Jing San Ye, San Ye Gong Yang;Feng Qing San Bao, Zan Tan San Bao, and the methods of praying to Buddha in Buddha invitation and praising stage;Wu Hui, Circling the Buddha, sit in meditation and recite scriptures'. Every part has unique implications, and they all have the same purpose regardless of correction orhear expansion-to become Buddha.