第三世界中的族群冲突:社会革命、国家内战与人道干预

Ethnic Conflict in the Third World: Social Revolution, Civil War and Humanitarian Intervention

随着冷战的结束,第三世界中的族群冲突与社会革命也在不断发生。从某种意义上说,族群冲突既是社会革命的爆发原因,又是社会革命的表现之一。而抗争运动向社会革命转变意味着,平和诉求有可能升级为暴力行为或国家内战,加重国家碎片化甚至建立新国家。由于族群冲突的升级与国家碎片化加剧,多民族联邦国家认同感被进一步削弱,"要求独立"既是社会革命的崭新宣言,又成为国家内战的原因之一。在这种情况下,"国家主权"与"民族解放"之间存在着深刻的矛盾,而人道干预对于防止国家内战的灾难也是必要的,即联合国所谓"保护的责任"或"冲突后管理"。对于国际社会与中国而言,如何应对族群冲突同样是后冷战时代重要的安全议程。

With the ending of the Cold War, ethnic conflict and social revolution in the Third World have occurred frequently. To a certain extent, ethnic conflict is not only the reason of social revolution, but also the realization of it. Also, in many cases, national contention politics has turned into social revolution, and common social appeals have escalated into violence or civil war,aggravating fragmentation of nation-states, and even re-shaping new ones. As a result, the identity of a multinational or federal state is weaker. Seeking independence, however, is always regarded as the declaration of social revolution and the reason of civil war.Further, there has been deep contradiction between state sovereignty and national emancipation. Thus, humanitarian interventions have become necessary. And how to deal with civil war is now becoming important for national security in the times of post-Cold War.