公民社会组织影响国际组织的路径选择——以国家为渠道的理论分析

Influence of Civil Society Organizations on International Organizations:Theorizing the State Channel

在全球多层治理体系中,公民社会组织的地位与作用正日益凸显。然而,现有关于研究公民社会组织政治参与的文献,大多聚焦于其如何直接对国际组织展开游说,因而忽视了主权国家在此过程中所能发挥的中介作用。鉴于此,本文旨在对公民社会组织利用国家渠道影响国际组织议程设置的可行性与有效性进行理论阐释。本文首先通过回顾相关文献,从中提炼出孔隙度、可接触对象、利益一致性与权力四组工具性概念作为构建演绎模型的解释变量,并在此基础上提出相关理论假设;接着选取世界银行和东南亚国家联盟作为研究案例以验证该假设的适用性。通过分析笔者认为,上述4组关联因素的最优组合状态在国际政治中表现为:实力雄厚且积极倡导改革的公民社会组织,借助孔隙度较高的发达民主国家,有效影响国际组织的议程设置和政策实施。从事实层面上讲,这一理想模式将为公民社会组织参与全球层面的政策过程提供有益借鉴;但从价值层面考察,这一模式可能加剧国际制度参与者之间权力分配严重失衡的局面而迫使全球治理陷入到"由政治参与导致民主缺失"的悖论之中,对此我们应当有所反思。

In the system of global multilevel governance,the status and role of civil society organizations have become increasingly prominent. However, the existing research literature on CSOs' political participation is mostly focused on how CSOs lobby international organizations directly,thus neglecting the intermediary role that states can play in this process. For this reason,this paper aims to make some theoretical interpretation on the feasibility and effectiveness of CSOs' affection on the agenda-setting of international organizations by using state channel. Firstly, by reviewing the related literature,porousness,contacts,alignment of interests and power are chosen as four explanatory variables for building deductive theory, and on this basis a theoretical assumption is put forward;then the World Bank and the ASEAN are selected as studying cases to verify the applicability of the hypothesis. The analysis suggests that the factors determining CSOs' successful use of the state channel currently tend to favor a small number of well- resourced, reformist CSOs from porous and powerful states. From the aspect of fact,this ideal mode will provide the beneficial references for CSOs' participation in the policy process of global scale;but from the aspect of value,this mode may aggravate the imbalance of power distribution among different participants of international institutions,which will force the process of global governance into a paradox of 'democratic dilemma' caused by political participation on which we should be more vigilant.