不同养老模式下老年人生活质量现状及影响因素

Status of the quality of life of the elderly of different pension mode and the influencing factors

目的了解我国不同养老模式下老年人生活质量(QOL)现状及其影响因素。方法采用世界卫生组织生活质量简表(WHOQOLBREF)对我国家庭、社区及机构养老老年人的QOL进行调查。结果三种养老模式下老年人QOL总分、生理、心理及社会关系领域得分社区养老最高、家庭次之、机构最低(P<0.05);环境领域得分为社区养老高于家庭和机构(P<0.05),家庭和机构间无显著差异(P>0.05);自评分为社区和家庭高于机构(P<0.05);QOL总分与自评分间具有正相关关系(r=0.601);不同养老模式的QOL与自评分影响因素不完全相同,主要有健康状况、文化程度、婚姻、子女状况、职业、年龄及民族。结论不同养老模式下生活质量得分有差异,且影响因素不完全相同。

Objective To investigate the status of the quality of life of the elderly of different pension mode and the main factors,to provide practical basis for enhancing this pension work. Methods WHOQOL-BREF was used to analyze the quality of life of the elderly of family pension,community pension and institutional pension. Results The three kinds of pension mode,score of QOL,physical field,psychological field and social relations field were different( P<0. 05),community pension highest,followed by the family pension,institutional pension lowest. The environmental field,score of community pension were higher than institutional and family pension( P<0. 05). The scores of self-rating,community and family pension were higher than institutional pension( P < 0. 05). There was a positive correlation between the score of self-rating and score of QOL( r = 0. 601). The main factors were physical condition,education,marriage,children status,occupation,age and ethnic. Conclusions The scores of QOL of different pension model were different,the influencing factors are not identical.