尿exosomes的分离方法及在临床中应用研究进展

Advance of isolation method and clinical application of urinary exosomes

尿exosomes是肾和泌尿生殖系统上皮细胞分泌至尿中直径为40~100 nm的脂质双分子层结构圆形膜性小囊泡,能够反映分泌细胞的生理和功能状态,exosomes中蛋白质及RNA等分子可作为疾病标记物用于疾病诊断。尿液标本易得且无创,其exosomes中蛋白质及RNA较尿液中可溶性蛋白质和RNA稳定,在各种疾病的诊断中具有广泛的应用前景。本文就近年来尿exosomes分离纯化方法及其作为蛋白或RNA标记物应用于各种疾病诊断的研究进展作一综述。

Urinary exosomes are 40-100 nm round membrane vesicles with lipid bilayer structure secreted to urine by kidney and epithelial cells of urogenital system, reflecting physiological and functional status of exosome-producing cells. Protein and RNA and so on in exosomes can be used as markers for disease diagnosis. Urine specimens are easily obtained and protein and nucleic acid in urinary exosomes are more stable than other soluble in urine, so urinary exosomes will have extensive application prospects in the diagnosis of various diseases. This paper introduced the isolation of urinary exosome and its application for different disease diagnosis by protein or nucleic marker in recent years.