海拔差异对青稞品质影响的研究

Effect of Altitude Difference on Quality of Highland Barley Varieties

青稞在不同海拔高度种植会影响籽粒品质和农艺性状,为探究青稞品种在不同海拔区域的品质差异性,从而为不同海拔地区青稞生产区域布局及优质高产青稞品种的选育提供依据;试验通过在西藏自治区内外5个不同海拔地区种植2个推广型青稞品种藏青25和喜马拉22号,经品质方面多重比较分析,发现海拔对青稞籽粒的品质影响显著,随着海拔升高,藏青25和喜马拉22号籽粒淀粉、脂肪含量均随海拔升高先降低后升高又降低,藏青25和喜马拉22号Ca、Cu含量均随着海拔的升高先升高后降低,籽粒中Fe、Mg、Mn、Na、P、Zn的含量随海拔升高先升高后降低再升高。藏青25的蛋白质含量在海拔3 658 m时最高;在海拔3 658 m处有所升高,可能原因是当地海拔育种过程中的品质定向积累作用;海拔对青稞灰分、含水量影响不显著。藏青25籽粒黄酮含量呈增加趋势,喜马拉22号黄酮含量先升高后降低。β-葡聚糖含量总体呈先降低后升高趋势,氨基酸呈先增加后降低趋势,青稞中γ-氨基丁酸含量变化不明显。

Different altitude will have influence on the grain quality and agronomic trait for barley plant, the reference to barley produced overall arrangement and breeding can be provided according to quality difference of barley in different altitude. This experiment was conducted by planting Zangqing 25 and Himalaya 22 which had be popularization in Tibet in five different altitude areas, by multiple comparison analysis of the quality characteristic, it can be learned that altitude is quite influential in terms of the grain quality of barley. As the altitude increasing, starch and fat content in Zangqing 25 and Himalaya 22 ranged from decline to rising and decline again, Ca, Cu content range from rising to decline, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Zn contents in grain ranged from rising to decline and then rising again. Zangiqng 25 has the highest protein content at the altitude of 3 658 m, this may be due to the effects of quality directed accumulation in local altitude breeding;At the same time, altitude have no obviously influence on ash and moisture content. The total flavonoid content has an increasing trend in Zangqing 25 and Himalaya 22 increases at first and then decreases. The content trend of beta glucan with altitude decreases first and rising latterly;Amino acid is contrary to beta glucan;ultimately, gamma-aminobutyric acid has no obvious change with altitude increasing.