南宁市2015-2016年疟疾媒介监测结果分析

An analysis of malaria vector surveillance data from 2015 to 2016 in Nanning, China

目的掌握南宁市疟疾媒介的季节消长规律,分析影响因素,为消除疟疾提供科学依据。方法 2015-2016年在南宁市选择4个乡镇作为疟疾媒介监测点,采用诱蚊灯法进行蚊媒季节消长调查,使用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据统计分析,用单因素方差分析进行蚊密度比较。结果总蚊密度在5和8月各出现一个高峰,中华按蚊密度则在5和9月各出现一个高峰。牛房总蚊密度〔1 242.53只/(灯·夜)〕和中华按蚊密度〔159.12只/(灯·夜)〕明显高于室外〔分别为49.58、12.30只/(灯·夜)〕和人房〔分别为15.70、2.91只/(灯·夜)〕。无月光时总蚊密度〔609.94只/(灯·夜)〕和中华按蚊密度〔80.81只/(灯·夜)〕明显高于有月光时〔分别为212.21、28.92只/(灯·夜)〕。中华按蚊在温度25～30℃、湿度65%～75%之间密度较高。结论每年的春夏、夏秋之交是疟疾媒介密度的高峰期,消除疟疾媒介要注意做好牲畜圈养场所的防蚊、灭蚊,疟疾媒介消长情况在不同地区差异较大,各地应加强对本地区的监测。

Objective To investigate the seasonal variation of malaria vectors in Nanning, China and analyze the influencing factors, and to provide a scientific support for the elimination of malaria. Methods Four villages or towns in Nanning were selected as malaria vector surveillance sites during 2015-2016. Mosquitoes caught by light traps were used to investigate the seasonal variation of malaria vectors. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software, and oneway ANOVA was used to compare mosquito densities. Results The total mosquito density reached its peak in May and August, whereas the density of Anopheles sinensis reached its peak in May and September. The densities of total mosquitos and An. sinensis in the cowshed were 1 242.53 mosquitoes/(light·night) and 159.12 mosquitoes/(light·night), respectively,which were significantly higher than those outdoors〔49.58 mosquitoes/(light·night) and 12.30 mosquitoes/(light·night),respectively〕and in the human room〔15.70 mosquitoes/(light·night) and 2.91 mosquitoes/(light·night), respectively〕. The densities of total mosquitos and An. sinensis in the absence of moonlight were 609.94 mosquitoes/(light·night) and 80.81 mosquitoes/(light·night), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the presence of moonlight〔212.21 mosquitoes/(light·night) and 28.92 mosquitoes/(light·night), respectively〕. The density of An. sinensis was relatively high at a temperature of 25-30 ℃, and a humidity of 65%-75%. Conclusion The density of malaria vectors peaks between spring and summer and between summer and autumn every year. To eliminate malaria vectors, emphasis will be placed on the prevention and elimination of mosquitos in sheds. As the variation of malaria vectors differs from site to site, malaria vector surveillance should be strengthened in the local area.