辽宁省2012-2016年蜚蠊监测结果分析

Analysis of surveillance on cockroach in Liaoning province from 2012 to 2016

目的掌握辽宁省蜚蠊密度、侵害率、季节消长和种类构成等情况,为科学开展蜚蠊防控提供依据。方法采用粘捕法,于2012-2016年每年的1-12月在辽宁省14个市的城镇选择居民区、宾馆、餐饮行业、医院、农贸市场5种适合蜚蠊孳生活动的场所共70个进行监测。对所有数据运用Excel 2010软件进行描述性分析。结果 2012-2016年共捕获蜚蠊47 647只,德国小蠊占捕获总数的97.28%,为绝对优势种。总密度为0.48只/张,侵害率为12.75%。各年不同生境蜚蠊密度和侵害率均以农贸市场最高,宾馆最低。蜚蠊季节消长变化趋势2012年呈双峰曲线,2013-2015年呈单峰曲线,农贸市场的季节消长呈双峰曲线,餐饮行业呈单峰曲线;侵害率季节消长变化趋势各年基本呈单峰曲线,农贸市场呈单峰曲线,餐饮行业和医院呈双峰曲线。密度和侵害率的最高峰分布在7-8月。结论 2012-2016年蜚蠊密度有小幅上升,而侵害率小幅下降。农贸市场依旧为蜚蠊防控的重点场所,结合不同生境蜚蠊密度和侵害率的季节消长趋势,在高峰期采取综合防控措施,以达到降低蜚蠊密度和控制疾病的目的。

Objective To master the cockroach density,infestation,seasonal variation and population distribution,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of cockroach prevention and control.Methods A total of 70 sites suitable for cockroach breeding and resting in 14 cities and towns of Liaoning province from January to December 2012 were selected for surveillance by stick-capture method.Descriptive analysis was performed on all data using Excel 2010 software.Results A total of 47 647 cockroaches were captured from 2012 to 2016.The predominant species was Blattella germanica(97.28%).The total density was 0.48 insects per sheet.The total infestation was 12.75%.The highest cockroach density and infestation appeared in farm produce market,the lowest appeared in hotels.Seasonal variations of cockroach density from 2013 to 2015 showed a single peak curve,but the trend in 2012 showed a double peak curve.Seasonal variations of farm produce markets showed a single peak curve,but the trend of restaurants and hospitals showed a double peak curve.The cockroach infestation showed a single curve over the years.The highest peaks of density and infestation occurred between July and August.Conclusion The density of cockroach showed a slight rise from 2012 to 2016,but the infestation showed a slight downward.The farm produce market should be the focus of the cockroach prevention and control.Combined with the seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroach density and infestation in different habitats,comprehensive prevention should be taken during the peak time to reduce cockroach density and control diseases they transmit.