云南省剑川县鼠疫疫源地小型兽类体蚤构成及群落多样性特征

Composition and community diversity of small mammals fleas in the plague foci in Jianchuan county, Yunnan province, China

目的掌握剑川县鼠疫自然疫源地小型兽类体蚤构成及群落多样性特征,为鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法 2008-2017年间,剑川县按《鼠疫监测方案》进行鼠疫监测;将捕获的小型兽类梳捡体蚤后,根据形态学特征对蚤进行种类鉴定。用群落生态学方法计算群落蚤种构成、多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势度指数和丰富度指数。采用Excel 2010和SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果此次共捕获小型兽类体蚤15 602匹,隶属3科7属7种,其中方叶栉眼蚤占捕获总数的52.10%,棕形额蚤指名亚种占28.98%,特新蚤指名亚种占17.72%,其他蚤类有低地狭臀蚤、缓慢细蚤、无值大锥蚤和不等单蚤,分别占0.88%、0.27%、0.04%和0.01%。小型兽类体蚤多样性指数在0.316 2~1.036 2之间,均匀性指数在0.176 5~0.747 4之间,优势度指数在0.378 3~0.872 3之间,丰富度指数在0.455 0~0.555 1之间,大绒鼠和齐氏姬鼠的体蚤优势地位突出。结论剑川县鼠疫疫源地小型兽类体蚤中方叶栉眼蚤为优势蚤种,大绒鼠和齐氏姬鼠的体蚤优势地位突出。

Objective To investigate the composition and community diversity of fleas from small mammals in the natural plague foci in Jianchuan county,Yunnan province,China,and to provide a scientific basis for plague prevention and control.Methods Plague surveillance was carried out in Jianchuan county from 2008 to 2017 according to the plague surveillance program.Rat fleas were combed from small mammals captured and were then subject to species identification based on their morphological characteristics.The community ecology method was used to calculate flea species composition,diversity index,homogeneity index,dominance index,and richness index of a community.The data were statistically analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 18.0 software.Results A total of 15 602 rat fleas were captured in the study period,which belonged to 7 species,7 genera,and 3 families;among them were Ctenophthalmus quadratus(52.10%),Frontopsylla spadix spadix(28.98%),Neopsylla specialis specialis(17.72%),Stenischia humilis(0.88%),Leptopsylla segnis(0.27%),Macrostylophora euteles(0.04%),and Monopsyllus anisus(0.01%).The rat fleas had a diversity index of0.316 2-1.036 2,a homogeneity index of 0.176 5-0.747 4,a dominance index of 0.378 3-0.872 3,and a richness index of 0.455 0-0.555 1;rat fleas from Eothenomys miletus and Apodemus chevrieri were dominant.Conclusion In the plague foci in Jianchuan county,C.quadratus is the dominant species among the rat fleas,and rat fleas from E.miletus and A.chevrieri are dominant.