我国中老年人睡眠时间与高血压的关联性研究

Study on the relationship between sleeping time and hypertension in middle-aged and elderly residents in China

目的研究我国中老年人睡眠时间与高血压患病的相关性,为高血压防治提供参考。方法本研究数据来源于2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据库,采用多阶段分层抽样方法最终纳入14 049名观察对象进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括人口统计学因素、行为生活方式、生理生物因素等资料。所有调查对象进行体格检查,测量身高、体重和血压。采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行χ2检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果研究对象的平均年龄为(60.3±9.6)岁,其中男性占48.15%,女性占51.85%。每晚睡眠时间<6、6~<7、7~<8、8~<9和≥9 h的研究对象高血压患病率分别为37.73%、33.81%、33.25%、30.92%和36.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,调整年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒、午睡习惯、糖尿病等混杂因素后,与每晚睡眠时间7~<8 h者相比,总人群中睡眠时间<6 h者高血压患病风险较高(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.03~1.28),睡眠时间8~<9 h者高血压患病风险较低(OR=0.88,95%CI:0.78~0.99),均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在45~<60岁的人群中,睡眠时间8~<9 h的人群高血压患病风险低于睡眠7~<8 h者(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.63~0.90);在≥60岁的人群中,每晚睡眠时间<6或≥9 h的人群高血压患病风险均高于睡眠7~<8 h者(OR值分别为1.25、1.31),均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。男性人群中,睡眠时间≥9 h者高血压患病风险高于7~<8 h者(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.06~1.79);女性睡眠时间<6 h的研究对象患高血压的风险高于7~<8 h者(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.03~1.40),均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论睡眠时间可能与高血压患病有关,且与年龄和性别相关。

Objective To explore the correlation between sleeping duration and the risks of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly residents in China,and to provide the reference for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.Methods Data were from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)database.The multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to finally incorporate 14 049 subjects.The investigation was performed by the questionnaire(including demographic factors,behavioral lifestyles,physiological and biological factors),and physical examination(height,weight and blood pressure measurements).Chi-square test and multivariate unconditional logistic regression were used to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS 22.0.Results The average age of the subjects was(60.3±9.6)years old(males:48.15%,females:51.85%).The morbidities of hypertension in subjects with sleeping time<6,6-<7,7-<8,8-<9 and≥9 h were 37.73%,33.81%,33.25%,30.92%and 36.78%,respectively;and there were significantvdifferences(P<0.01).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting the age,gender,smoking,drinking,nap habits,diabetes and other confounding factors,as compared to those with 7-<8 h sleeping time per night,the risk of hypertension was higher in the subjects with sleeping time<6 h(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.03-1.28),and the risk of hypertension was lower in the subjects with sleeping time 8-<9 h(OR=0.88,95%CI:0.78-0.99),P<0.05.Among subjects aged 45-<60 years old,the subjects with sleeping time 8-<9 h have a lower risk of hypertension than those with sleeping time 7-<8 h(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.63-0.90);among subjects aged≥60 years,the hypertension risk of subjects with sleeping time<6 h or≥9 h per night was higher than that of subjects with sleeping time 7-<8 h per night(OR values were 1.25 and1.31,respectively),P<0.05 or P<0.01.In the male subjects,the hypertension risk of subjects with sleeping time≥9 h per night was higher than that of subjects with sleeping time 7-<8 h per night(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.06-1.79).In the female subjects,the hypertension risk of subjects with sleeping time<6 h per night was higher than that of subjects with sleeping time 7-<8 h per night(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.03-1.40,P<0.05).Conclusion Sleeping time may be associated with hypertension,age and sex.