失业陷阱:成因及其归类分析

Attributions to Unemployment Trap and Its Manifestation

失业陷阱产生的原因包括失业保险制度设计的缺陷、最低生活保障制度的兜底作用、劳动力市场体系不完善等三方面。因此归结我国失业陷阱的表现有两种类型,一是城市中国有企业下岗人员长期自愿失业和民营企业失业人员再就业偏好不高;二是合同制农民失业后寻找工作的积极性降低以及农村城镇化人口的福利依赖。就此,对规避失业陷阱的道德风险的思考可以从社会失业保险制度的完善、劳动力市场体制改革、加强就业信息系统建设和就业观念改变等四方面着手。

The unemployment insurance system is one of the reason for unemployment trap.Moreover,the lowest income guarantee system repressed the men out of occupation to return to their occupation.Because of the imperfections of labor force market,the information can not be expressed timely,which causes too high trade costs.In addition,the traditional employment idea makes the laid-out workers choose to stay at home rather than work.The manifestation of unemployment trap can divide into two kinds,the one are unemployment population in cities.The other type are village population.Consequently,suggestions that moral hazard should not happen in unemployment trap should be as follows:perfecting system of social security,reforming labor economy and consummating notion of hunting jobs.